Pay-to-Play: Lobbying & Political Spending

$104M spent annually lobbying Beacon Hill. 8 lobbyists per lawmaker. 82% of their donations at exactly $200 — the legal cap. All from public records.

$104M
Annual Lobbying Spend
8:1
Lobbyists per Lawmaker
82.3%
Donations at Exactly $200
$822K
From 3 Firms Alone (OCPF)
4,298
Individual Donations Tracked
Only State
All 3 Branches Exempt

⚠️ The System — How It Works

Organizations that depend on state funding and regulation spend $104M/year lobbying the politicians who control that funding
They hire lobbying firms — the top 4 alone earned $76.7 million over the past decade
Those lobbyists then personally donate to politicians at exactly $200 — the legal cap — across dozens of campaigns
OCPF data shows 82.3% of all lobbyist donations are exactly $200 — a systematic pattern
But lobbyists can give unlimited amounts to lawmakers' personal nonprofits — with zero disclosure
MA is the only state where all three branches of government are exempt from public records law

Lobbying Spending by Sector — $457M Total (2015–2025)

Source: OpenSecrets, Massachusetts State Lobbying Ranked Sectors (2015–2025)

Top 10 Industries by Lobbying Spend (2015–2025)

Source: OpenSecrets, Massachusetts State Lobbying by Industry (2015–2025)

🔄 The Pay-to-Play Cycle

Step 1: Organization receives taxpayer funding (MassHealth contracts, grants, state procurement).
Step 2: Organization hires lobbying firm to maintain and increase that funding ($104M/year).
Step 3: Firm's lobbyists each donate $200 to every key politician — systematically, across all leadership.
Step 4: Organization's executives also donate personally to the same politicians.
Step 5: Lobbyists and executives donate unlimited amounts to lawmakers' personal nonprofits (legal, no disclosure).
Step 6: Politicians vote to maintain or increase the organization's funding.
Step 7: Repeat annually. Taxpayers fund the entire cycle.

Who's Spending — Sectors & Organizations

Health Sector
$112.7M
#1 — 25% of all lobbying
Finance/Insurance/RE
$74.4M
#2 sector
Energy/Natural Resources
$39.3M
#4 sector
Top Org: MH&HA
$7.4M
Hospital association alone

Top 20 Lobbying Spenders (2015–2025)

#OrganizationTotal SpentSector
1MA Health & Hospital Association$7,414,139Health
2MA Association of Health Plans$6,499,713Health
3Association for Behavioral Healthcare$4,461,402Health
4MA Biotechnology Council (MassBio)$4,371,545Health
5MA Teachers Association$3,890,866Labor
6MA Nurses Association$3,775,296Health
7Retired State/County/Muni Employees Assoc.$3,670,853Labor
8Blue Cross Blue Shield of MA$3,626,072Health
9MA Assn of Health Plans (2nd filing)$3,444,644Health
10MA Municipal Association$3,410,125Gov't
11Partners Healthcare System (MGB)$3,240,888Health
12SEIU Local 32BJ$3,216,014Labor
13Eversource Energy$3,065,502Energy
14Verizon Communications$2,876,224Telecom
15Associated Industries of MA$2,840,782Business
16MA Property Insurance Underwriting Assoc.$2,757,990Insurance
17National Grid USA$2,705,993Energy
18Harvard Pilgrim Health Care$2,685,839Health
19Eli Lilly & Co$2,618,267Pharma
20MA Medical Society$2,565,024Health
Source: OpenSecrets, Massachusetts State Lobbying Top 20 Spenders (2015–2025)

⚠️ Healthcare Dominates — And They Depend on Your Tax Dollars

6 of the top 10 spenders are from the healthcare sector — an industry that depends heavily on MassHealth funding
In 2024 alone: MA Assn of Health Plans spent $1.3M and MH&HA spent $1.1M — the only two groups over $1M
Hospitals/Nursing Homes: $43.4M in lobbying. Insurance: $42.8M. Pharma: $37.3M
These organizations receive billions in taxpayer money via MassHealth, then spend millions lobbying to keep the money flowing

2024 Top Lobbying Spenders — Single Year

Source: Secretary of the Commonwealth, MA Lobbying Reports (2024)

Healthcare vs. All Other Sectors (2015–2025)

Source: OpenSecrets, Ranked Sectors Massachusetts (2015–2025)

The Hired Guns — Top Lobbying Firms

These firms earn millions lobbying politicians — then their employees personally donate to those same politicians. OCPF records from just 3 firms reveal 4,298 individual donations totaling $822,463.

ML Strategies
$25.4M
Earned in lobbying fees
Smith Costello
$20.4M
Earned in lobbying fees
Bay State Strategies
$17.3M
Earned in lobbying fees
O'Neill & Partners
$13.6M
Earned (OCPF not searchable)

⚠️ The $200 Pattern — OCPF Raw Data Analysis

We pulled every OCPF donation from ML Strategies, Smith Costello & Crawford, and Bay State Strategies Group
Result: 4,298 donations totaling $822,463 to Massachusetts politicians
82.3% of all donations are exactly $200 — the legal maximum for lobbyists
Another 13.3% are exactly $100 — the two amounts account for 95.6% of all donations
This is not organic giving — this is a systematic, coordinated pattern
O'Neill & Partners (#4 firm, $13.6M earned) creates an error in OCPF search — their donations cannot be tracked

Firm Lobbying Income (2015–2025) — Top 10

Source: OpenSecrets, Top 20 Lobbying Firms, Massachusetts (2015–2025)

The $200 Pattern — Donation Amount Distribution (OCPF)

Source: OCPF Campaign Finance Database — ML Strategies, Smith Costello, Bay State Strategies donations

Top Individual Lobbyist Donors — OCPF Data (2015–2026)

#LobbyistFirmTotal Given# DonationsAvg Amount
1David ShapiroBay State Strategies$72,100392$184
2Michael CostelloSmith Costello & Crawford$59,550298$200
3Jim/James SmithSmith Costello & Crawford$53,240272$196
4Jennifer CrawfordSmith Costello & Crawford$44,350225$197
5Carlo BasileSmith Costello & Crawford$24,250122$199
6Francis SheaBay State Strategies$17,45075$233
7Jay YoumansSmith Costello & Crawford$17,10086$199
8Stephen ToccoML Strategies$14,72567$220
9Robert BernsteinBay State Strategies$10,60055$193
10Stephen SilveiraML Strategies$10,57559$179
Source: OCPF Campaign Finance Database — all donations from employees of ML Strategies, Smith Costello & Crawford, Bay State Strategies (2015–2026). Note: OCPF search for O'Neill & Partners returns an error.

Donations by Firm — OCPF Analysis

Source: OCPF — 4,298 total donations analyzed

Top 10 Individual Lobbyist Donors

Source: OCPF Campaign Finance Database

Who Gets Paid — Top Political Recipients

Every top politician in Massachusetts receives donations from ALL THREE major lobbying firms. The amounts are modest — but the pattern is what matters.

⚠️ The Coverage Pattern — Everyone Gets Covered

Former Speaker Robert DeLeo: $21,200 from 111 donations — #1 recipient from all 3 firms
Gov. Maura Healey: $19,736 from 96 donations — receives from ML Strategies, Smith Costello, AND Bay State
Budget Chair Aaron Michlewitz: $16,800 from 85 donations — controls the state budget, receives from all 3 firms
Senate Pres. Karen Spilka: $10,825 from 57 donations — top Senate leader, receives from multiple firms
Speaker Ron Mariano: $10,800 from 51 donations — current House leader, receives from all 3 firms
Former Gov. Charlie Baker: $15,500 — bipartisan coverage: both parties get the money

Top 15 Recipients of Lobbyist Firm Donations (OCPF)

Source: OCPF — combined donations from ML Strategies, Smith Costello, Bay State Strategies employees

Donations by Source Firm — Top Recipients

Source: OCPF Campaign Finance Database

Top 25 Political Recipients — OCPF Verified (from 3 Firms)

#PoliticianTotal# DonationsSource Firms
1Robert DeLeo (Former Speaker)$21,200111All 3
2Maura Healey (Governor)$19,73696All 3
3John Lawn$17,25090All 3
4Aaron Michlewitz (Budget Chair)$16,80085All 3
5Mark James Cusack$16,40082All 3
6Charlie Baker (Former Governor)$15,50059All 3
7Karyn Polito (Former Lt. Gov.)$14,00067All 3
8Barry Finegold$12,45067All 3
9Michael Moran$12,00062All 3
10James Murphy$12,00062All 3
11Bruce Tarr (Senate Minority Leader)$11,40058All 3
12Mitt Romney$11,40039ML Strategies
13Dem Senate PAC$10,92560All 3
14Karen Spilka (Senate President)$10,82557Bay State, ML
15Ronald Mariano (Speaker)$10,80051All 3
16Therese Murray$10,50058Bay State, ML
17Daniel Ryan$10,00051All 3
18Michael Day$9,75049All 3
19Jeffrey Roy (Energy Chair)$9,10046All 3
20Marjorie Decker$8,95047All 3
21Daniel Hunt$8,92550All 3
22Kimberley Driscoll (Lt. Gov.)$8,50041All 3
23Dem House PAC$8,22543All 3
24Martin Walsh (Former Mayor)$7,72542All 3
25Brendan Crighton$7,70039All 3
Source: OCPF Campaign Finance Database — all donations from employees of 3 top lobbying firms. Note: does not include O'Neill & Partners (OCPF error) or direct organizational lobbying spend.

📋 What This Data Shows

This is only the direct campaign donations from employees of three lobbying firms — it doesn't include the $76.7M in lobbying fees their clients paid, the unlimited donations to lawmaker nonprofits, or the fourth largest firm (O'Neill & Partners, $13.6M earned) whose OCPF data is unsearchable. The real money flowing through this system is orders of magnitude larger than what OCPF captures. And that's exactly how it's designed.

The Nonprofit Loophole

⚠️ $200 Cap? Just Use the Back Door

MGL Chapter 55, §7A: lobbyists can give max $200/year per candidate
But lawmakers run personal nonprofits — lobbyists can donate unlimited amounts with no disclosure
Boston Globe investigation (April 2025): lobbyists give $10,000+ to lawmaker nonprofits
East Boston Neighborhood Health Center donated $10,000 to Rep. Madaro's nonprofit
Casinos, pharma, and real estate sponsored Rep. DiDomenico's Italian festival
Sen. Finegold's Dana-Farber benefit concert at MGM Music Hall — sponsored by industries he regulates

Campaign Contribution Limits vs. Nonprofit Loophole

ChannelLimitDisclosureOversight
Individual to Candidate$1,000/yearPublic (OCPF)OCPF enforcement
Lobbyist to Candidate$200/yearPublic (OCPF)OCPF enforcement
Lobbyist to PAC$200/yearPublic (OCPF)OCPF enforcement
Lobbyist to Lawmaker NonprofitUNLIMITEDNONENONE
To Ballot Question CommitteeUnlimitedPublic (OCPF)Limited
Source: MGL Ch. 55, §7A; Boston Globe investigation (April 2025); OCPF

Healthcare Case Study: MGB VP Christopher Philbin

Source: OCPF — Philbin donation records (2024). All 28 donations at exactly $200.

Healthcare Industry — Political Giving from Employees (2024)

Source: OCPF Campaign Finance Database, employer field analysis (2024)

📋 The Philbin Case Study

Christopher Philbin is VP of Government Affairs at Mass General Brigham — the state's largest hospital system. MGB receives billions from MassHealth. Philbin earned $93,128 in lobbying compensation (2021–2025). He then personally donated $5,600 to 28 politicians in 2024 — exactly $200 each (the legal maximum). Recipients include Gov. Healey, Senate President Spilka, AG Campbell, Mayor Wu, and Budget Chair Michlewitz. MGB employees collectively gave $19,522 to politicians in 2024 across 46 donors. This is one hospital system, one year. The pattern repeats across every major healthcare organization in the state.

The Transparency Black Hole

⚠️ Massachusetts: The Only State Where Nobody Has to Tell You Anything

MA is the only state in the country where the governor, judiciary, AND legislature are all exempt from public records law
Boston Globe survey: only 12% of legislators support being subject to public records law — 78% didn't even respond
State Auditor DiZoglio: agencies can refuse to cooperate with audits and face zero consequences
Supervisor of Records has no enforcement authority — agencies can simply ignore requests
Lawmaker nonprofits have no disclosure requirements — the public can't see who's giving
The #4 lobbying firm (O'Neill & Partners, $13.6M earned) can't even be searched in OCPF — the system returns an error

Public Records Transparency — MA vs. Other States

Branch of GovernmentMassachusettsMost Other States
Governor's Office❌ EXEMPT✅ Subject to records law
Legislature❌ EXEMPT✅ Subject to records law
Judiciary❌ EXEMPT✅ Subject to records law (most)
Lawmaker Nonprofit Donors❌ NO DISCLOSUREVaries
Audit Cooperation❌ VOLUNTARY✅ Mandatory (most)
Records Enforcement❌ NO AUTHORITY✅ Enforcement power
Source: New England First Amendment Coalition; Boston Globe survey (March 2025); State Auditor reports

📋 The Bottom Line

Massachusetts has constructed a system where $104 million flows annually from special interests to lobbying firms, from lobbyist pockets to politician campaigns (at exactly $200 a pop), and from lobbyist checkbooks to lawmaker nonprofits (unlimited, undisclosed). All three branches of government are exempt from the public records law that would allow citizens to see how decisions are made. The state auditor cannot compel cooperation. The campaign finance database can't even search one of the top four firms. This isn't a loophole — it's architecture.